What Are Sensory Processing Differences?
Sensory processing is how our brain receives and responds to information from our senses—such as touch, sound, sight, movement, taste, and smell.
Everyone processes sensory input differently.
Some people are more sensitive, some are less sensitive, and others may need more input to feel regulated. For some neurodivergent individuals, such as autistic individuals, sensory processing can feel more intense, less noticeable, or confusing.
Types of Sensory Processing Difficulties
Under-responsiveness (Hyposensitivity)
The individual may not notice sensory inputs right away.
- Example: Doesn’t notice their name being called, slow to register pain, unaware of being messy, may bump into objects often, etc.
The individual may seek more sensory inputs than others; needing more sensory input to feel regulated and focused.
- Example: May enjoy jumping, spinning, touching certain textures, chewing on crunchy foods, have difficulty with prolonged sitting, etc.
Over-responsiveness (Hypersensitivity)
The individual may be sensitive to sensory inputs.
- Registers sensory inputs more intensely than others but does not remove themselves from the environment. However, this adds stress to their nervous system and affects their focus and regulation.
- Example: Appear easily distracted by noise, light, touch, movement; may become stressed easily; may have meltdown more frequently than others.
The individual may avoid more sensory inputs than others.
- Reacts strongly to and actively avoids sensory inputs.
- Example: Avoid being touched, textures of foods, crowded places; may cover their ears or hum to drown out the noise.
Mixed Profile
- Many individuals experience a mix of over- and under-responsiveness to different sensory inputs — seeking some types of input and avoiding others.
- Examples:
- Likes deep touch pressure such as hugging and squeezing, but dislikes furry sensations and brushing against people.
- Likes listening to loud music but avoids noisy classrooms and restaurants.
The 8 Senses
- Sight (Visual)
- Sound (Auditory)
- Touch (Tactile)
- Smell (Olfactory)
- Taste (Gustatory)
- Movement & Balance (Vestibular): balance, head movement
- Body Position (Proprioception): knowing where your body is in space
- Internal Awareness (Interoception): internal bodily sensations, e.g., hunger, thirst, toileting, pain, emotions
What Are Some Common Signs of Sensory Processing Differences?
Each child is different. Here are some examples of how sensory differences might show up:
- May cover ears or hide from loud sounds.
- Enjoys spinning or jumping frequently.
- Avoids messy play or specific clothing fabrics.
- May not notice hunger, pain, or need to use the toilet.
- Strong preferences about how food feels or tastes.
- Difficulty with coordination, posture, or balance.
How Might Sensory Differences Affect Children (Ages 0–6)?
Sensory differences can impact daily life, but they are a natural part of how some children experience the world. Children may need extra support during:
- Dressing, eating, or brushing teeth.
- Group play or noisy environments (like parties or playgrounds).
- Trying new activities or adapting to changes in routine.
- Learning in busy or loud classroom settings.
Some Support Strategies
- Follow the child’s lead. Observe what brings them comfort or discomfort.
- Use sensory tools. Chewy toys, swings, or quiet spaces can help. Weighted items (e.g., blanket, vest) may be helpful but use with professional guidance.
- Respect boundaries. Avoid forcing touch or food — give options and autonomy.
- Build regulation routines. Movement, deep pressure, or calming sounds may help.
- Work with professionals. Occupational therapists trained in sensory integration can offer support tailored to the child.
What Parents and Educators Should Know
- Your child’s sensory profile is a part of their identity. Just like personality or learning style, sensory needs are unique to each child and should be embraced rather than “fixed.”
- Sensory differences are not misbehaviour, defiance, or laziness. When a child avoids noise, craves movement, or melts down in certain environments, they are communicating a need — not being difficult.
- Meeting sensory needs supports growth, not spoiling. Supporting a child’s regulation needs helps them feel safe and secure, which in turn builds confidence, learning, and relationships.
- Every child has strengths. Sensory seekers may be adventurous, energetic, and curious. Sensitive children may be empathetic, thoughtful, and detail-oriented. Understanding their sensory profile helps you nurture these strengths.
- You are your child’s best advocate. Trust your instincts, ask questions, and seek professionals like occupational therapists who understand sensory processing through a strengths-based lens.
- Connection is more powerful than correction. Your calm, supportive response when your child is overwhelmed helps build emotional resilience and trust.
More Resources
What are the 8 Sensory Systems? Your 8 Senses Explained by Dyan Robson, And Next Comes L
Sensory Processing Needs Checklist
- Sensory Symptoms Checklist by STAR Institute
- 5-Minute Sensory Checklist by Neurodivergent Insights
100+ Awesome and Easy Sensory Diet Activities by Alisha Grogan, Your Kids Table
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